Uterine Myoma

Uterine myoma is the most common benign tumor pathologically composed of smooth muscle cells and connective tissue. In most cases, this lesion is incidentally detected. Even symptomatic myoma is curable using less invasive treatments including thermal ablation, embolization, and myomectomy. Ultrasonography is a primary examination for detecting or characterizing uterine myoma and CT or MRI is necessary to identify the lesion's location, number, and size prior to making an appropriate plan. Since uterine myoma may have degeneration and invades or metastasizes as if it were a malignant tumor, various imaging features may lead to a misdiagnosis. Therefore, it is essential to be familiar with imaging features of uterine myoma. This chapter will describe imaging features of ordinary or degenerated myoma, unusual types or growth patterns of myoma, and differential diagnoses.