Use of medical resources by preterm infants born at less than 33 weeks' gestation following discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit in Korea

This study was aimed to provide data on the use of medical resources by preterm infants following discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The cohort included preterm infants (n = 2,351) born at 22-32 weeks' gestation who were discharged from the NICUs of 44 Korean hospitals between April 2009 to March 2010. Mean duration of postdischarge follow-up was 425 ± 237 days. After discharge from the NICU, 94.5% of total infants visited a pediatric outpatient clinic (11.5 ± 9.8 mean visits), 42.9% visited a pediatric clinic for respiratory problems irregularly (4.9 ± 6.6 mean visits), and 31.1% utilized emergency center at least once. Among all visits to the emergency center, 24.7% resulted in readmission and 50.8% of those visits were due to respiratory problems. At least one episode of readmission was required by 33.6% (788/2,346) of total infants, and 18.4% (431/2,346) of total infants were readmitted with respiratory problems at least once. Among all infants readmitted for respiratory problems, 16.2% (70/341) were diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus infection which accounted for 30.3% of viral etiologies confirmed by laboratory testing. Infants born at < 30 weeks' gestation had more frequent total readmission and respiratory readmission than those ≥ 30 weeks' gestation (2 ± 1.7 vs. 1.7 ± 1.2, P = 0.009, 1.8 ± 1.2 vs. 1.5 ± 1.1, 0.027, respectively). Overall, use of medical resources is common, and respiratory problems are the leading cause of use of medical resources. Total readmissions and respiratory readmissions are more frequent in more immature infants.