Ultrasound-guided vs. palpation-guided techniques for radial arterial catheterisation in infants: A randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUNDThe usefulness of ultrasound-guided techniques for radial arterial catheterisation has been well identified; however, its usefulness has not been completely evaluated in infants under 12 months of age, who are generally considered the most difficult group for arterial catheterisation.OBJECTIVEWe evaluated whether ultrasound guidance would improve success rates and reduce the number of attempts at radial arterial catheterisation in infants.DESIGNA randomised, controlled and patient-blinded study.SETTINGSingle-centre trial, study period from June 2016 to February 2017.PATIENTSSeventy-four infants undergoing elective cardiac surgery.INTERVENTIONPatients were allocated randomly into either ultrasound-guided group (group US) or palpation-guided group (group P) (each n=37) according to the technique applied for radial arterial catheterisation. All arterial catheterisations were performed by one of two experienced anaesthesiologists based on group assignment and were recorded on video.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESThe primary endpoint was the first-pass success. The number of attempts and total duration of the procedure until successful catheterisation were also analysed.RESULTSThe first-pass success rate was significantly higher in the group US than in the group P (68 vs. 38%, P = 0.019). In addition, fewer attempts were needed for successful catheterisation in the group US than in the group P (median 1 [IQR 1 to 2] vs. 2 [1 to 4], P = 0.023). However, the median [IQR] procedural time (s) until successful catheterisation in the two groups was not significantly different (102 [49 to 394] vs. 218 [73 to 600], P = 0.054).CONCLUSIONThe current study demonstrated that the ultrasound-guided technique for radial arterial catheterisation in infants effectively improved first-pass success rate and also reduced the number of attempts required.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT02795468.