Treatment of tuberculosis of the cervical spine: Operative versus nonoperative

We retrospectively reviewed 15 children (four with paralysis) and 39 adults (10 with paralysis) with tuberculosis of the cervical spine to assess the drug responses, disease arrest, and healing times. Ten children and 13 adults were treated nonoperatively, while anterior débridement was performed in five children (two with paralysis) and anterior radical surgery in 26 adults (10 with paralysis). Triple chemotherapy (isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol [or pyrazinamide for children]) was given to all patients for 12 months. The tuberculosis began to arrest after 3 months of chemotherapy and healed within 12 months. Spontaneous fusion occurred in all adults but only two of the 10 children. Surgical fusion was achieved within 12 to 16 weeks in adults. In nonoperated patients, an initial kyphosis of 12°progressed to 17°at final followup in the children and an initial kyphosis of 9°progressed to 13°in 13 adults. In operated patients, the initial kyphosis of 13°in adults became 2°at the time of the fusion, while the initial kyphosis of 14°in the five children progressed to 18°. Patients with paraplegia recovered completely within 14 days on average (range, 1-42 days) after treatment. Recovery was gradual in the nonoperative group, while it occurred within 3 days in the operative group.