Thin films of size-selected Mo clusters: Growth modes and structures

Thin films of MoO₃ were prepared by deposition of size-selected ligand-free Mo clusters under high vacuum conditions and subsequent exposure to air. The growth pattern is highly dependent on the cluster size. At low coverage, small clusters (Mo₅₁) form a continuous monolayer of fused particles. On top of this monolayer, additional clusters survive as individual entities. Medium sized clusters (Mo₂₅₁ and Mo₁₂₅₃) do not coalesce and form a monolayer of clusters. Close examination using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy reveals a local order of the particles. At higher coverage a new pattern of large 3-dimensional aggregations of clusters (pylons) appears. The pylons are not formed under high vacuum conditions. Their formation is most likely caused by the air exposure. For the largest clusters (Mo₃₃₄₉) studied here, no monolayer is formed. Instead, the clusters are randomly distributed as expected for particles with zero mobility. These results demonstrate the high potential of cluster deposition for the production of new types of nanostructured surfaces, thin films and nanomaterials.