Thermocatalytic technologies for syngas production from greenhouse gases and biomass-derived renewable oxygenates

Numerous catalytic conversion technologies of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as CO₂ and CH₄ have been reported to produce economically feasible clean H₂ fuel and syngas with desirable H₂/CO ratio to modulate greenhouse gases emission from fossil fuel utilizations. The typical and commercially available catalytic conversions of GHG can be categorized with combined steam and CO₂ reforming of methane (CSCR) having the characteristics of adjusted H₂/CO ratio for further COx hydrogenation, dry reforming of methane (DRM) with severe coke deposition natures, and steam reforming of methane (SRM) or various organic compounds such as methanol, ethanol, acetic acid or biomass-derived resources to efficiently produce H₂ fuel. The roles of heterogeneous catalysts are crucial in terms of catalytic activity and stability, and thermal catalytic reforming processes with those heterogeneous catalysts are regarded as economically feasible pathways for the commercialization of reforming reaction of GHG. Therefore, it seems to be required to grasp the properties and recent trends of the reported heterogeneous reforming catalysts for the conversions of CH₄ and CO₂ as representative greenhouse gases with feasible syngas or H₂ production through thermal reforming reactions.