Therapeutic potential of ginsenosides in circadian rhythm-based skin disorders

The circadian rhythm, a biological system all living organisms possess, has become increasingly important as sleep patterns become more irregular. Circadian rhythms affect various cell types (fibroblasts, fat cells, muscles, etc.) and organs (the liver, pancreas, gut, etc.). This review focuses on the effects of the circadian rhythm on skin physiology. Under normal conditions, the circadian rhythm is involved in maintaining skin health, including DNA repair and wound healing. Disrupted circadian rhythm can cause skin disorders, including hyperpigmentation, melanoma, skin aging, sunburn, impaired wound healing, and an abnormal skin barrier. Furthermore, the effects of ginsenosides, the primary bioactive component of Panax ginseng, were examined on recovery from skin disorders associated with circadian rhythm disruptions. Therefore, this review explains the relationship between skin physiology and circadian rhythm and suggests the potential of ginseng as a treatment for circadian rhythm-mediated skin disorders.