TY - JOUR
T1 - Study of the IC 443 Region with the HAWC Observatory
AU - (HAWC Collaboration)
AU - Alfaro, R.
AU - Alvarez, C.
AU - Araya, M.
AU - Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C.
AU - Avila Rojas, D.
AU - Ayala Solares, H. A.
AU - Babu, R.
AU - Bangale, P.
AU - Bernal, A.
AU - Caballero-Mora, K. S.
AU - Capistran, T.
AU - Carramiñana, A.
AU - Casanova, S.
AU - Cotti, U.
AU - Cotzomi, J.
AU - Coutiño de León, S.
AU - De la Fuente, E.
AU - Depaoli, D.
AU - Desiati, P.
AU - Di Lalla, N.
AU - Diaz Hernandez, R.
AU - Dingus, B. L.
AU - DuVernois, M. A.
AU - Díaz-Vélez, J. C.
AU - Ergin, T.
AU - Espinoza, C.
AU - Fang, K.
AU - Fraija, N.
AU - Fraija, S.
AU - García-González, J. A.
AU - Goksu, H.
AU - González-Cervera, J. A.
AU - González, M. M.
AU - Goodman, J. A.
AU - Groetsch, S.
AU - Harding, J. P.
AU - Hernández-Cadena, S.
AU - Herzog, I.
AU - Hinton, J.
AU - Huang, D.
AU - Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F.
AU - Hüntemeyer, P.
AU - Kaufmann, S.
AU - Lara, A.
AU - Lee, J.
AU - León Vargas, H.
AU - Linnemann, J. T.
AU - Longinotti, A. L.
AU - Luis-Raya, G.
AU - Rho, C. D.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
PY - 2025/10/10
Y1 - 2025/10/10
N2 - Supernova remnants are one potential source class considered a PeVatron (i.e., capable of accelerating cosmic rays above PeV energies). The shock fronts produced after the explosion of the supernova are ideal regions for particle acceleration. IC 443 is a supernova remnant that has been studied extensively at different wavelengths. Using 2966 days of gamma-ray data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, we study the emission of IC 443 with the objective of finding signatures of cosmic-ray acceleration at the PeV scale. Using a maximum likelihood method, we find a point source located at (α=94.°42, δ=22.°35) that we associate with IC 443. The measured spectrum is a simple power law with an index of −3.14±0.18, which is consistent with previous TeV observations. Although we cannot confirm that IC 443 is a hadronic PeVatron, we do not find any sign that the spectrum has a cutoff at tens of TeV energies, with the spectrum extending to ∼30 TeV. Furthermore, we also find a new extended component in the region whose emission is described by a simple power law with an index of −2.49±0.08 and which we call HAWC J0615+2213. While we show evidence that this new source might be a new TeV halo, we defer a detailed analysis of this new source to another publication.
AB - Supernova remnants are one potential source class considered a PeVatron (i.e., capable of accelerating cosmic rays above PeV energies). The shock fronts produced after the explosion of the supernova are ideal regions for particle acceleration. IC 443 is a supernova remnant that has been studied extensively at different wavelengths. Using 2966 days of gamma-ray data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, we study the emission of IC 443 with the objective of finding signatures of cosmic-ray acceleration at the PeV scale. Using a maximum likelihood method, we find a point source located at (α=94.°42, δ=22.°35) that we associate with IC 443. The measured spectrum is a simple power law with an index of −3.14±0.18, which is consistent with previous TeV observations. Although we cannot confirm that IC 443 is a hadronic PeVatron, we do not find any sign that the spectrum has a cutoff at tens of TeV energies, with the spectrum extending to ∼30 TeV. Furthermore, we also find a new extended component in the region whose emission is described by a simple power law with an index of −2.49±0.08 and which we call HAWC J0615+2213. While we show evidence that this new source might be a new TeV halo, we defer a detailed analysis of this new source to another publication.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105017611205
U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/adf7aa
DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/adf7aa
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105017611205
SN - 0004-637X
VL - 992
JO - Astrophysical Journal
JF - Astrophysical Journal
IS - 1
M1 - 22
ER -