Strengthening the cellular function of dermal fibroblasts and dermal papilla cells using nanovesicles extracted from stem cells using blue light-based photobiomodulation technology

Human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) play a critical role in skin health by producing extracellular matrix (ECM) components essential for structural stability, while hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) are key to hair follicle growth and regeneration. However, factors such as UV radiation, oxidative stress, and aging impair the functions of hDFs and HFDPCs, leading to decrement in ECM production and skin maintenance and hair loss conditions like alopecia. Recent advances in nanovesicles (NVs) derived from human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) have shown an innovative way in the regenerative medicine field, particularly with promise for enhancing the functionality of diverse cell types. NVs, filled with diverse bioactive molecules, are non-immunogenic, biologically stable, and capable of promoting cellular activities. To further enhance the therapeutic potential of NVs, photobiomodulation (PBM) using blue light has emerged as a promising application. Optimized blue light irradiation can induce moderate levels of reactive oxygen species production in hADSCs, activating signaling pathways that upregulate angiogenic and regenerative markers in hADSCs. In this study, blue light-irradiated NVs demonstrated superior efficacy in promoting hDF proliferation, ECM synthesis, and the functionality of HFDPCs, resulting in enhanced skin maintenance and hair follicle regeneration. This approach presents a safer and more efficient way for treating skin and hair disorders, highlighting the potential use of blue light-irradiated NVs as an innovative therapeutic strategy.