Solar-harvesting lead halide perovskite for artificial photosynthesis

Facing the upcoming energy and environmental crisis, artificial photosynthesis for producing various solar fuels (e.g., hydrogen or carbon products) via a solar-to-chemical energy conversion is receiving increasing attention; however, its low conversion efficiency is a challenge for commercialization. To resolve low-efficiency issues, lead halide perovskite (LHP) with outstanding optoelectronic properties compared to conventional semiconductors can be a promising approach to improve the solar-to-fuel conversion reactions and solar fuel production efficiency. The tunable energy band structure and charge transport properties of LHP have promoted their extensive use in the production of solar fuels. This study summarizes the recent advancements of LHP-mediated solar-to-fuel conversions, classified by their redox reactions, namely solar water splitting, hydrohalic acid splitting, and CO₂ reduction. Advanced approaches for achieving high conversion efficiency and long-term durability are discussed, including the configuration of devices, the composition of LHP, and the protection strategy of LHP. Moreover, the reaction mechanisms of LHP-mediated solar-to-chemical energy conversions and obstacles for enhancing the conversion efficiency are discussed. Finally, we present the perspectives on the development of LHP-incorporated solar-to-fuel conversion systems, which might open a new era of energy harvesting and storage.