Selective internal limiting membrane peeling for prevention of secondary epiretinal membrane after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Purpose: We introduce selective internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, a guideline procedure to determine whether to remove the ILM during vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Study design: Retrospective case series Methods: Patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for RRD and were followed up for 12 months or longer were included. When vitreous cortex remnants (VCRs) were detected with triamcinolone acetonide, the ILM was removed; otherwise, the ILM was preserved (“selective ILM peeling”). The factors associated with the presence of VCRs and incidence of secondary epiretinal membrane (ERM) were analyzed. Results: VCRs were detected in 87 of 133 eyes (65.4%) in which the ILM was removed. Younger age, better preoperative visual acuity, and vitreous hemorrhage were negatively correlated with the presence of VCRs. No ERM occurred in the eyes after ILM peeling. Among the eyes with ILM preservation, subclinical ERM was noticed in 4 eyes (8.7%), and 1 eye (2.1%) required additional surgery owing to ERM. ERM occurred more commonly in eyes with the ILM preserved (P =.004). However, no differences in the rate of additional surgeries were found between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Selective ILM peeling offers an alternative option to reduce the burden of ILM peeling or additional surgery.