Potentials and benefit assessment of green fuels from residue gas via gas-to-liquid

This study aims to develop and evaluate the techno-economic-environmental performance of residue gas-to-gasoline hydrocarbon processes (residue gas-to-liquid, rGTL) via the dimethyl ether-to-gasoline (DTG) route for various single or mixed feedstocks of coke oven gas (COG), Linz–Donawitz gas (LDG), and blast furnace gas (BFG). Significant challenges in the process development have been overcome to generate the optimal syngas for fuel synthesis and the optimal operating conditions. It further compared the best co-feeding COG and LDG strategies and COG standalone with other residue gas-to-fuels, other gasoline technological routes of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and methanol-to-gasoline, and other gasoline platforms of natural gas-to-gasoline and power-to-liquid. In this fuel synthesis framework, the DTG route is identified as the best technological route for residue gas-based gasoline, acting as a bridge between fossil and renewable gasoline at a market-competitive price and with a large CO₂ equivalent (CO_2eq) reduction. Additionally, the industrial and social impact of rGTL is investigated in various scenarios, in which the government's encouragement by lowering interest rates demonstrates a significant opportunity for implementing rGTL in a real commercial, industrial, and sustainable development society. Countries are encouraged to implement rGTL as a sustainable energy system for various reasons, for example, China and India with a huge potential to enlarge fuel markets; Brazil with cheaper gasoline; and France with massive CO_2eq reduction. Therefore, this work assists stakeholders and governments in the strategic planning and policymaking related to the effective use of a country's resources toward sustainable development goals.