Phenolic constituents from the twigs of euonymus alatus and their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activity

A bioassay-guided fractionation and chemical investigation of the MeOH extract of the twigs of Euonymus alatus resulted in the isolation and identification of five new phenolic compounds, named alatusols A-E (1-5), together with six known compounds (6-11). The structures of these new compounds were elucidated through spectral analysis, including extensive 2D-NMR data, and their absolute configurations were determined by the modified Moshers method. Compounds 1-3 and 7-9 showed consistent cytotoxicity against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT-15 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 15.20-29.81 M. In addition, compounds 5 and 7 inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV-2 cells with IC₅₀ values of 22.77 and 32.52 M, respectively.