Performance optimization of mechanically stacked c-Si solar cells TOPCon, HIT, PERC in tandem configurations under albedo varying light intensities

This research investigates the performance of Si/Si mechanically stacked solar cells using TOPCon technology in various configurations, specifically TOPCon/TOPCon, TOPCon/HIT, and TOPCon/PERC. The cells were tested under parallel and series across Albedo illumination (0.1 to 0.5 suns) to evaluate their efficiency and energy output. The key performance parameters measured include J_sc, V_oc, FF, and overall efficiency. In the parallel configuration, the TOPCon/TOPCon configuration exhibited the highest efficiency of 31.48 %, with a V_oc of 1.42 V, J_sc of 52.68 mA/cm², and FF of 81.43 %. The TOPCon/HIT parallel configuration demonstrated a strong performance, with an efficiency of 29.33 %, V_oc of 1.43 V, and J_sc of 49.34 mA/cm². The TOPCon/PERC parallel configuration showed the highest J_sc of 48.71 mA/cm², V_oc (1.43 V), and FF (79.53 %), resulting in an efficiency of 29.05 %. TOPCon/TOPCon series achieved a J_sc of 17.81 mA/cm² and an efficiency of 20.59 %. These results highlight the advantages of the TOPCon/TOPCon parallel configuration, which effectively leverages both voltage and current, making it the optimal configuration for maximizing energy output. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into optimizing solar cell performance, particularly for applications requiring efficient use of direct and reflected sunlight.