Optimal Planning of Distributed Generators for Loss Reduction and Voltage Profile Enhancement Considering the Integration of Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVs) are replacing the conventional vehicles and becoming the efficient means of transportation. Integrating a large scale of EVs may cause considerable voltage drops and thus, more energy losses. In this paper, a complete study is designed in three stages to perform the optimal planning of distributed generators (DGs) to increase the penetration of EVs. In the first and second stages, we modelled DGs and EVs. In the third stage, the optimization problem is formulated as a mixed-integer non-linear programming for minimizing the energy losses in the distribution feeder. Real traffic volume is used for modelling the power demand of EVs. Wind, Photovoltaic and dispatchable DGs are considered as the DG-types; Weibull and the beta distributions are applied to model the probabilistic behavior of wind speed and solar irradiance. Maximum likelihood estimation method is applied to estimate the parameters of Weibull and the beta distributions from the wind speed data and solar irradiance. The genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem. Moreover, six test cases are considered for the simulation on the distribution system to verify the performance of the proposed scheme. The results show that energy losses are reduced and the voltage profile of the distribution system is improved.