Novel graphene sensors for chemical and biological applications

The development of novel sensors is critical to the realization of molecular recognitions that arise from binding events between an analyte and a transducer. Here, we review novel graphene-based chemical and biological sensors including a hydrogen gas sensor, aptasensor, electronic nose, and immunoassays. To create well-designed graphene sensor architectures, advanced technologies such as vapor deposition polymerization (VDP) with conducting polymers and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with carbon sources processes have been employed. Based on these methods, high- performance graphene nanostructures were successfully fabricated and showed excellent sensing capabilities and compatibilities. Those graphene substrates were integrated into field-effect transistor (FET) and chemiresistive systems to obtain signal amplification and enhanced sensing properties, leading to high-performance novel graphene chem/biosensors. This chapter provides information on cutting-edge sensor technologies encompassing recent research efforts.