Nafion-stabilized two-dimensional transition metal carbide (Ti₃C₂T_x MXene) as a high-performance electrochemical sensor for neurotransmitter

Herein, we demonstrate the selective sensing of Dopamine (DA), an important neurotransmitter, by using Nafion-stabilized two-dimensional transition metal carbides (Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes). Ti₃C₂T_x was deposited on a glassy carbon electrode followed by Nafion coating to achieve a robust sensitivity (∼3 nM), good selectivity, wide detection window (0.015–10 μM), high stability, reproducibility, and outstanding recoveries for DA detection in real samples. MXene-based biosensor exhibited much better electrochemical performance when compared with reduced graphene oxide-based biosensor under similar experimental conditions due to the MXenes good electrical conductivity and negatively charged surface which assisted in the selective and sensitive detection of DA.