Morphology-controlled synthesis of 3D flower-like NiWO₄ microstructure via surfactant-free wet chemical method

Three-dimensional (3D) flower-like controllable microstructures of nickel tungsten oxide (NiWO₄) were synthesized by using a surfactant free wet chemical method at low temperature (60 °C). The uniform morphologies of NiWO₄ were molded by adjusting the temperature, stirring rate, and dosage of hydrazine in aqueous solution. We reported immediate precipitation of the 3D NiWO₄ microflowers (MFs) by introducing hydrazine monohydrate (N₂H₄·H₂O). This approach resulted in a better yield and shortened the reaction time. In this work, we investigated the probable mechanism behind the formation of flower-like microstructures. Furthermore, the flower-like microstructure was assessed for its electrochemical properties towards non-enzymatic glucose sensing by addition of 50 μL of a glucose solution (50 μM) in an electrolyte (0.1 M NaOH) using glassy carbon electrode.