Mechanical and Thermal Properties of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Reinforced Alkaline Lignin with Epoxidized Palm Oil Bio-Composites

Nurul Amirah Abd Rahman; Hazleen Anuar; Fathilah Ali; Jonghwan Suhr

doi:10.1007/978-981-19-9509-5_22

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Reinforced Alkaline Lignin with Epoxidized Palm Oil Bio-Composites

Nurul Amirah Abd Rahman
, Hazleen Anuar
, Fathilah Ali
, Jonghwan Suhr

Department of Mechanical Engineering

International Islamic University Malaysia

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

Fused deposition modeling (FDM), through 3D printing has an advantage of using thermoplastic polymers for fabrication of natural fiber reinforced composites (NFRC). Polylactic acid (PLA) is an extensively used thermoplastic in 3D printing application for its compatibility with the processing parameters. However, the uses of unfilled PLA will produce 3D printed parts with high brittleness, hence reinforcement with lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) was considered. Lignin, one of the major components in plant, was less utilized even though contains high aromatic compound that is crucial in the polymer industry. The effect of reinforcement capability of alkaline treated lignin in PLA matrix for fabrication of sustainable 3D printing material was studied where, the obtained alkaline lignin was reinforced in the PLA with various compositions (1, 3 and 5 phr). It has been found that the presence of lignin in the PLA improved the thermal properties as well as the mechanical properties of the PLA bio-composites. Nevertheless, addition of higher lignin load of more than 1 phr contributed to lower thermal and mechanical properties. Better thermal properties were found with addition of EPO, where the maximum degradation temperature and glass transition temperature of PLA bio-composite filaments (PLAE1) have been improved to 335 °C and 59 °C, respectively, instead of 330 °C and 62 °C for unfilled PLA.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceeding of 5th International Conference on Advances in Manufacturing and Materials Engineering - ICAMME 2022
Editors	Md. Abdul Maleque, Ahmad Zahirani Ahmad Azhar, Norshahida Sarifuddin, Sharifah Imihezri Syed Shaharuddin, Afifah Mohd Ali, Nor Farah Abdul Halim
Publisher	Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Pages	161-167
Number of pages	7
ISBN (Print)	9789811995088
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9509-5_22
State	Published - 2023
Event	5th International Conference on Advances in Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, ICAMME 2022 - KualaLumpur, Malaysia Duration: 9 Aug 2022 → 10 Aug 2022

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering
ISSN (Print)	2195-4356
ISSN (Electronic)	2195-4364

Conference

Conference	5th International Conference on Advances in Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, ICAMME 2022
Country/Territory	Malaysia
City	KualaLumpur
Period	9/08/22 → 10/08/22

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 9 Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

Keywords

3D Printing
Alkaline lignin
Fused deposition modeling
Polylactic acid

Access to Document

10.1007/978-981-19-9509-5_22

Cite this

Rahman, N. A. A., Anuar, H., Ali, F., & Suhr, J. (2023). Mechanical and Thermal Properties of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Reinforced Alkaline Lignin with Epoxidized Palm Oil Bio-Composites. In M. A. Maleque, A. Z. Ahmad Azhar, N. Sarifuddin, S. I. Syed Shaharuddin, A. Mohd Ali, & N. F. Abdul Halim (Eds.), Proceeding of 5th International Conference on Advances in Manufacturing and Materials Engineering - ICAMME 2022 (pp. 161-167). (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9509-5_22

Rahman, Nurul Amirah Abd ; Anuar, Hazleen ; Ali, Fathilah et al. / Mechanical and Thermal Properties of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Reinforced Alkaline Lignin with Epoxidized Palm Oil Bio-Composites. Proceeding of 5th International Conference on Advances in Manufacturing and Materials Engineering - ICAMME 2022. editor / Md. Abdul Maleque ; Ahmad Zahirani Ahmad Azhar ; Norshahida Sarifuddin ; Sharifah Imihezri Syed Shaharuddin ; Afifah Mohd Ali ; Nor Farah Abdul Halim. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023. pp. 161-167 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering).

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title = "Mechanical and Thermal Properties of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Reinforced Alkaline Lignin with Epoxidized Palm Oil Bio-Composites",

abstract = "Fused deposition modeling (FDM), through 3D printing has an advantage of using thermoplastic polymers for fabrication of natural fiber reinforced composites (NFRC). Polylactic acid (PLA) is an extensively used thermoplastic in 3D printing application for its compatibility with the processing parameters. However, the uses of unfilled PLA will produce 3D printed parts with high brittleness, hence reinforcement with lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) was considered. Lignin, one of the major components in plant, was less utilized even though contains high aromatic compound that is crucial in the polymer industry. The effect of reinforcement capability of alkaline treated lignin in PLA matrix for fabrication of sustainable 3D printing material was studied where, the obtained alkaline lignin was reinforced in the PLA with various compositions (1, 3 and 5 phr). It has been found that the presence of lignin in the PLA improved the thermal properties as well as the mechanical properties of the PLA bio-composites. Nevertheless, addition of higher lignin load of more than 1 phr contributed to lower thermal and mechanical properties. Better thermal properties were found with addition of EPO, where the maximum degradation temperature and glass transition temperature of PLA bio-composite filaments (PLAE1) have been improved to 335 °C and 59 °C, respectively, instead of 330 °C and 62 °C for unfilled PLA.",

keywords = "3D Printing, Alkaline lignin, Fused deposition modeling, Polylactic acid",

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publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",

pages = "161--167",

editor = "Maleque, \{Md. Abdul\} and \{Ahmad Azhar\}, \{Ahmad Zahirani\} and Norshahida Sarifuddin and \{Syed Shaharuddin\}, \{Sharifah Imihezri\} and \{Mohd Ali\}, Afifah and \{Abdul Halim\}, \{Nor Farah\}",

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Rahman, NAA, Anuar, H, Ali, F & Suhr, J 2023, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Reinforced Alkaline Lignin with Epoxidized Palm Oil Bio-Composites. in MA Maleque, AZ Ahmad Azhar, N Sarifuddin, SI Syed Shaharuddin, A Mohd Ali & NF Abdul Halim (eds), Proceeding of 5th International Conference on Advances in Manufacturing and Materials Engineering - ICAMME 2022. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, pp. 161-167, 5th International Conference on Advances in Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, ICAMME 2022, KualaLumpur, Malaysia, 9/08/22. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9509-5_22

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Reinforced Alkaline Lignin with Epoxidized Palm Oil Bio-Composites. / Rahman, Nurul Amirah Abd; Anuar, Hazleen; Ali, Fathilah et al.
Proceeding of 5th International Conference on Advances in Manufacturing and Materials Engineering - ICAMME 2022. ed. / Md. Abdul Maleque; Ahmad Zahirani Ahmad Azhar; Norshahida Sarifuddin; Sharifah Imihezri Syed Shaharuddin; Afifah Mohd Ali; Nor Farah Abdul Halim. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023. p. 161-167 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Mechanical and Thermal Properties of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Reinforced Alkaline Lignin with Epoxidized Palm Oil Bio-Composites

AU - Rahman, Nurul Amirah Abd

AU - Anuar, Hazleen

AU - Ali, Fathilah

AU - Suhr, Jonghwan

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Fused deposition modeling (FDM), through 3D printing has an advantage of using thermoplastic polymers for fabrication of natural fiber reinforced composites (NFRC). Polylactic acid (PLA) is an extensively used thermoplastic in 3D printing application for its compatibility with the processing parameters. However, the uses of unfilled PLA will produce 3D printed parts with high brittleness, hence reinforcement with lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) was considered. Lignin, one of the major components in plant, was less utilized even though contains high aromatic compound that is crucial in the polymer industry. The effect of reinforcement capability of alkaline treated lignin in PLA matrix for fabrication of sustainable 3D printing material was studied where, the obtained alkaline lignin was reinforced in the PLA with various compositions (1, 3 and 5 phr). It has been found that the presence of lignin in the PLA improved the thermal properties as well as the mechanical properties of the PLA bio-composites. Nevertheless, addition of higher lignin load of more than 1 phr contributed to lower thermal and mechanical properties. Better thermal properties were found with addition of EPO, where the maximum degradation temperature and glass transition temperature of PLA bio-composite filaments (PLAE1) have been improved to 335 °C and 59 °C, respectively, instead of 330 °C and 62 °C for unfilled PLA.

AB - Fused deposition modeling (FDM), through 3D printing has an advantage of using thermoplastic polymers for fabrication of natural fiber reinforced composites (NFRC). Polylactic acid (PLA) is an extensively used thermoplastic in 3D printing application for its compatibility with the processing parameters. However, the uses of unfilled PLA will produce 3D printed parts with high brittleness, hence reinforcement with lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) was considered. Lignin, one of the major components in plant, was less utilized even though contains high aromatic compound that is crucial in the polymer industry. The effect of reinforcement capability of alkaline treated lignin in PLA matrix for fabrication of sustainable 3D printing material was studied where, the obtained alkaline lignin was reinforced in the PLA with various compositions (1, 3 and 5 phr). It has been found that the presence of lignin in the PLA improved the thermal properties as well as the mechanical properties of the PLA bio-composites. Nevertheless, addition of higher lignin load of more than 1 phr contributed to lower thermal and mechanical properties. Better thermal properties were found with addition of EPO, where the maximum degradation temperature and glass transition temperature of PLA bio-composite filaments (PLAE1) have been improved to 335 °C and 59 °C, respectively, instead of 330 °C and 62 °C for unfilled PLA.

KW - 3D Printing

KW - Alkaline lignin

KW - Fused deposition modeling

KW - Polylactic acid

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85161111217

U2 - 10.1007/978-981-19-9509-5_22

DO - 10.1007/978-981-19-9509-5_22

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:85161111217

SN - 9789811995088

T3 - Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

SP - 161

EP - 167

BT - Proceeding of 5th International Conference on Advances in Manufacturing and Materials Engineering - ICAMME 2022

A2 - Maleque, Md. Abdul

A2 - Ahmad Azhar, Ahmad Zahirani

A2 - Sarifuddin, Norshahida

A2 - Syed Shaharuddin, Sharifah Imihezri

A2 - Mohd Ali, Afifah

A2 - Abdul Halim, Nor Farah

PB - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH

T2 - 5th International Conference on Advances in Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, ICAMME 2022

Y2 - 9 August 2022 through 10 August 2022

ER -

Rahman NAA, Anuar H, Ali F, Suhr J. Mechanical and Thermal Properties of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Reinforced Alkaline Lignin with Epoxidized Palm Oil Bio-Composites. In Maleque MA, Ahmad Azhar AZ, Sarifuddin N, Syed Shaharuddin SI, Mohd Ali A, Abdul Halim NF, editors, Proceeding of 5th International Conference on Advances in Manufacturing and Materials Engineering - ICAMME 2022. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. 2023. p. 161-167. (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering). doi: 10.1007/978-981-19-9509-5_22

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Reinforced Alkaline Lignin with Epoxidized Palm Oil Bio-Composites

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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