TY - GEN
T1 - Mechanical and Thermal Properties of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Reinforced Alkaline Lignin with Epoxidized Palm Oil Bio-Composites
AU - Rahman, Nurul Amirah Abd
AU - Anuar, Hazleen
AU - Ali, Fathilah
AU - Suhr, Jonghwan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Fused deposition modeling (FDM), through 3D printing has an advantage of using thermoplastic polymers for fabrication of natural fiber reinforced composites (NFRC). Polylactic acid (PLA) is an extensively used thermoplastic in 3D printing application for its compatibility with the processing parameters. However, the uses of unfilled PLA will produce 3D printed parts with high brittleness, hence reinforcement with lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) was considered. Lignin, one of the major components in plant, was less utilized even though contains high aromatic compound that is crucial in the polymer industry. The effect of reinforcement capability of alkaline treated lignin in PLA matrix for fabrication of sustainable 3D printing material was studied where, the obtained alkaline lignin was reinforced in the PLA with various compositions (1, 3 and 5 phr). It has been found that the presence of lignin in the PLA improved the thermal properties as well as the mechanical properties of the PLA bio-composites. Nevertheless, addition of higher lignin load of more than 1 phr contributed to lower thermal and mechanical properties. Better thermal properties were found with addition of EPO, where the maximum degradation temperature and glass transition temperature of PLA bio-composite filaments (PLAE1) have been improved to 335 °C and 59 °C, respectively, instead of 330 °C and 62 °C for unfilled PLA.
AB - Fused deposition modeling (FDM), through 3D printing has an advantage of using thermoplastic polymers for fabrication of natural fiber reinforced composites (NFRC). Polylactic acid (PLA) is an extensively used thermoplastic in 3D printing application for its compatibility with the processing parameters. However, the uses of unfilled PLA will produce 3D printed parts with high brittleness, hence reinforcement with lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) was considered. Lignin, one of the major components in plant, was less utilized even though contains high aromatic compound that is crucial in the polymer industry. The effect of reinforcement capability of alkaline treated lignin in PLA matrix for fabrication of sustainable 3D printing material was studied where, the obtained alkaline lignin was reinforced in the PLA with various compositions (1, 3 and 5 phr). It has been found that the presence of lignin in the PLA improved the thermal properties as well as the mechanical properties of the PLA bio-composites. Nevertheless, addition of higher lignin load of more than 1 phr contributed to lower thermal and mechanical properties. Better thermal properties were found with addition of EPO, where the maximum degradation temperature and glass transition temperature of PLA bio-composite filaments (PLAE1) have been improved to 335 °C and 59 °C, respectively, instead of 330 °C and 62 °C for unfilled PLA.
KW - 3D Printing
KW - Alkaline lignin
KW - Fused deposition modeling
KW - Polylactic acid
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85161111217
U2 - 10.1007/978-981-19-9509-5_22
DO - 10.1007/978-981-19-9509-5_22
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85161111217
SN - 9789811995088
T3 - Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering
SP - 161
EP - 167
BT - Proceeding of 5th International Conference on Advances in Manufacturing and Materials Engineering - ICAMME 2022
A2 - Maleque, Md. Abdul
A2 - Ahmad Azhar, Ahmad Zahirani
A2 - Sarifuddin, Norshahida
A2 - Syed Shaharuddin, Sharifah Imihezri
A2 - Mohd Ali, Afifah
A2 - Abdul Halim, Nor Farah
PB - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
T2 - 5th International Conference on Advances in Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, ICAMME 2022
Y2 - 9 August 2022 through 10 August 2022
ER -
