Hybrid Supercapacitor Performance Through Electrode Composites: Ti₃C₂T_x Anode and Fe₃O₄@Activated Carbon Cathode Integration

Here, we report the performance of an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) fabricated using a chemically synthesized Ti₃C₂T_x MXene as an anode, a ferric oxide (Fe₃O₄) (magnetite), and biomass-derived activated carbon (AC) composite (MAC composite) as a cathode, 2 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) as an electrolyte. Ti₃C₂T_x MXene synthesis was carried out using chemical etching processes using synthesized Ti₃AlC₂ MAX phase. AC was synthesized using biomass (coconut shell) by carbonization and activation processes. Whereas MAC composite was prepared using the solvothermal method. Physiochemical characteristics of all samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning microscopy, and HR-TEM techniques. Specific surface areas of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene and MAC-7.5 was found to be 85.37 and 434.35 m² g⁻¹, respectively. The attained specific capacitance values for bare Ti₃C₂T_x MXene and MAC-7.5 composite are 173 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ and 1722 A g⁻¹ at 2 A g⁻¹ current density, respectively. Electrochemical performance of the developed ASC device displayed a 133.47 F g⁻¹ specific capacitance at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹ with the maximum energy and a power density of 41.71 and 512 W kg⁻¹, respectively. Stability performance of the ASC showed the highest retention rate of 94% after 5000 cycles.