Global Perspectives on Allergen Labeling: Harmonization of Regulations and Practices

The prevention of allergic reactions relies on avoiding allergenic foods making it crucial to accurately label products and provide clear information to customers. The “Big Eight” allergenic foods (milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, fish, soybeans, and wheat) recommended by the Codex Alimentarius form the basis of the global allergy labeling system. Nevertheless, countries worldwide have developed their own labeling systems tailored to their unique dietary habits and allergy prevalence. With the increase in global food trade and allergy rates, inconsistent international food allergy labeling can jeopardize consumer safety and confuse manufacturers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the Big Eight allergenic foods and a comparative analysis of allergen labeling regulations across various global regions. It highlights the need for internationally consistent labeling standards, and harmonized approaches for precautionary allergen labeling as well as emphasizes global efforts to enhance the identification of allergenic foods. Furthermore, this review aims to enhance global food safety management, promote international cooperation, and help consumers make informed food choices.