Global burden of disease attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults aged 15–39, 1990–2021

Xiao Dong Zhou; Qin Fen Chen; Giovanni Targher; Christopher D. Byrne; Christos S. Mantzoros; Huijie Zhang; Amedeo Lonardo; Gregory Y.H. Lip; Gilda Porta; Anoop Misra; Andrew Gerard Robertson; Fei Luo; Anna Alisi; Wah Yang; Mortada El-Shabrawi; Hazem Al Momani; Virend K. Somers; Christos S. Katsouras; Nahum Méndez-Sánchez; Sander Lefere; Olivia Szepietowski; Ki Chul Sung; Nicholas Beng Hui Ng; Luca Valenti; Way Seah Lee; Alice Pik-Shan Kong; Mehmet Celal Kızılkaya; Ponsiano Ocama; Arshad Ali; Octavio Viveiros; John D. Ryan; Carlos Jesus Toro-Huamanchumo; Nilanka Perera; Karim Ataya; Kenneth Yuh Yen Kok; Jordi Gracia-Sancho; Ala I. Sharara; Arun Prasad; Rodolfo J. Oviedo; Oral Ospanov; Elena Ruiz-Úcar; Khalid Alswat; Syed Imran Abbas; Tamer N. Abdelbaki; Yu Jun Wong; Yasser Fouad; Michael D. Shapiro; Flora Bacopoulou; Silvia Sookoian; Mohit Kehar; Wah Kheong Chan; Sombat Treeprasertsuk; Leon Adams; Serap Turan; Mauricio Zuluaga; Carlos Jose Pirola; Omar Thaher; Gabriel Alejandro Molina; Nozim Adxamovich Jumaev; Said A. Al-Busafi; Christopher K. Opio; Michelle Ching Lim-Loo; Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana; Lubna Kamani; Ming Hua Zheng

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.11.016

Global burden of disease attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults aged 15–39, 1990–2021

Xiao Dong Zhou
, Qin Fen Chen
, Giovanni Targher
, Christopher D. Byrne
, Christos S. Mantzoros
, Huijie Zhang
, Amedeo Lonardo
, Gregory Y.H. Lip
, Gilda Porta
, Anoop Misra
, Andrew Gerard Robertson
, Fei Luo
, Anna Alisi
, Wah Yang
, Mortada El-Shabrawi
, Hazem Al Momani
, Virend K. Somers
, Christos S. Katsouras
, Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
, Sander Lefere

Olivia Szepietowski, Ki Chul Sung, Nicholas Beng Hui Ng, Luca Valenti, Way Seah Lee, Alice Pik-Shan Kong, Mehmet Celal Kızılkaya, Ponsiano Ocama, Arshad Ali, Octavio Viveiros, John D. Ryan, Carlos Jesus Toro-Huamanchumo, Nilanka Perera, Karim Ataya, Kenneth Yuh Yen Kok, Jordi Gracia-Sancho, Ala I. Sharara, Arun Prasad, Rodolfo J. Oviedo, Oral Ospanov, Elena Ruiz-Úcar, Khalid Alswat, Syed Imran Abbas, Tamer N. Abdelbaki, Yu Jun Wong, Yasser Fouad, Michael D. Shapiro, Flora Bacopoulou, Silvia Sookoian, Mohit Kehar, Wah Kheong Chan, Sombat Treeprasertsuk, Leon Adams, Serap Turan, Mauricio Zuluaga, Carlos Jose Pirola, Omar Thaher, Gabriel Alejandro Molina, Nozim Adxamovich Jumaev, Said A. Al-Busafi, Christopher K. Opio, Michelle Ching Lim-Loo, Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana, Lubna Kamani, Ming Hua Zheng

Wenzhou Medical University
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IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria
University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
Harvard University
Southern Medical University
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
University of Liverpool
Aalborg University
Hospital Sirio-Libanes
National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation and Diabetes Foundation
Royal Infirmary Edinburgh
Central South University
IRCCS Ospedale pediatrico Bambino Gesù - Roma
The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University
Cairo University
Royal NMC Hospital
Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN
University of Ioannina
Fundación Clínica Médica Sur
Ghent University
Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Kangbuk Samsung Hospital
National University Hospital
National University of Singapore
University of Milan
IRCCS Fondazione Ca'Granda – Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico - Milano
University of Malaya
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar Universitesi
Makerere University
Fatimah Hospital
Hospital Lusiadas Amadora
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola
University of Sri Jayewardenepura
University of Montreal
Universiti Brunei Darussalam
Hospital Clinic Barcelona
University of Bern
American University of Beirut
Apollo Hospitals Group
Nacogdoches Medical Center
Astana Medical University
Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada
King Saud University
Iranian Hospital Dubai
Alexandria University
Changi General Hospital
Duke-NUS Medical School
Minia University
Wake Forest University
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Universidad Maimónides
University of Ottawa
Chulalongkorn University
Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital
University of Western Australia
Marmara University
Universidad del Valle
Ruhr University Bochum
Universidad San Francisco de Quito
Tashkent Medical Academy
Sultan Qaboos University
Aga Khan University
Chinese General Hospital and Medical Center
University of Indonesia
Medistra Hospital
Mochtar Riyadi Comprehensive Cancer Center (MRCCC) Siloam Semanggi Hospital
Liaquat National Hospital
Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

39 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Metabolic risk factors are a significant cause of global burden among adolescents and young adults, but there is a lack of attention to the burden attributable to these metabolic risk factors globally. Aims: This study aims to provide comprehensive estimates of five important metabolic risk factors and the attributable disease burden in people aged 15–39 years from 1990 to 2021, based on the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database. Methods: Global total deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used to describe the burden attributable to five common metabolic risk factors, including high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high body mass index (BMI), and kidney dysfunction, in adolescents and young adults. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) of DALYs were utilized to depict the trends from 1990 to 2021. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the DALY rates attributable to all metabolic risk factors showed a globally significant upward trend, with EAPC reaching 33.0 % (27.4–38.7). Compared to females, males had a heavier burden and a more significant increase in deaths and DALYs attributable to metabolic risk factors. High BMI and high FPG have become the top two metabolic risk factors in 2021, with summary exposure variables (SEV) rising by 84.2 % and 53.6 %, respectively. Low-middle socio-demographic index (SDI), middle SDI, and high SDI regions experienced upward regional trends in DALY rates, while low SDI regions remained stable. Among 204 countries and territories, 101 (49.5 %) showed a significant increase in DALY rates, as indicated by the EAPC. Conclusions: There is a substantial global burden attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults in 2021, especially high BMI and high FPG. This calls for further investigation and intervention to address this emerging trend.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	391-404
Number of pages	14
Journal	Clinical Nutrition
Volume	43
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2024.11.016
State	Published - Dec 2024
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Adolescents and young adults
Global disease burden
Metabolic risk factors

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10.1016/j.clnu.2024.11.016

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Zhou, X. D., Chen, Q. F., Targher, G., Byrne, C. D., Mantzoros, C. S., Zhang, H., Lonardo, A., Lip, G. Y. H., Porta, G., Misra, A., Robertson, A. G., Luo, F., Alisi, A., Yang, W., El-Shabrawi, M., Al Momani, H., Somers, V. K., Katsouras, C. S., Méndez-Sánchez, N., ... Zheng, M. H. (2024). Global burden of disease attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults aged 15–39, 1990–2021. Clinical Nutrition, 43(12), 391-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2024.11.016

@article{c74201ca78cf43e2b8ab4d57e2862372,

title = "Global burden of disease attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults aged 15–39, 1990–2021",

abstract = "Background: Metabolic risk factors are a significant cause of global burden among adolescents and young adults, but there is a lack of attention to the burden attributable to these metabolic risk factors globally. Aims: This study aims to provide comprehensive estimates of five important metabolic risk factors and the attributable disease burden in people aged 15–39 years from 1990 to 2021, based on the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database. Methods: Global total deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used to describe the burden attributable to five common metabolic risk factors, including high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high body mass index (BMI), and kidney dysfunction, in adolescents and young adults. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) of DALYs were utilized to depict the trends from 1990 to 2021. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the DALY rates attributable to all metabolic risk factors showed a globally significant upward trend, with EAPC reaching 33.0 \% (27.4–38.7). Compared to females, males had a heavier burden and a more significant increase in deaths and DALYs attributable to metabolic risk factors. High BMI and high FPG have become the top two metabolic risk factors in 2021, with summary exposure variables (SEV) rising by 84.2 \% and 53.6 \%, respectively. Low-middle socio-demographic index (SDI), middle SDI, and high SDI regions experienced upward regional trends in DALY rates, while low SDI regions remained stable. Among 204 countries and territories, 101 (49.5 \%) showed a significant increase in DALY rates, as indicated by the EAPC. Conclusions: There is a substantial global burden attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults in 2021, especially high BMI and high FPG. This calls for further investigation and intervention to address this emerging trend.",

keywords = "Adolescents and young adults, Global disease burden, Metabolic risk factors",

author = "Zhou, \{Xiao Dong\} and Chen, \{Qin Fen\} and Giovanni Targher and Byrne, \{Christopher D.\} and Mantzoros, \{Christos S.\} and Huijie Zhang and Amedeo Lonardo and Lip, \{Gregory Y.H.\} and Gilda Porta and Anoop Misra and Robertson, \{Andrew Gerard\} and Fei Luo and Anna Alisi and Wah Yang and Mortada El-Shabrawi and \{Al Momani\}, Hazem and Somers, \{Virend K.\} and Katsouras, \{Christos S.\} and Nahum M{\'e}ndez-S{\'a}nchez and Sander Lefere and Olivia Szepietowski and Sung, \{Ki Chul\} and \{Hui Ng\}, \{Nicholas Beng\} and Luca Valenti and Lee, \{Way Seah\} and \{Pik-Shan Kong\}, Alice and Kızılkaya, \{Mehmet Celal\} and Ponsiano Ocama and Arshad Ali and Octavio Viveiros and Ryan, \{John D.\} and Toro-Huamanchumo, \{Carlos Jesus\} and Nilanka Perera and Karim Ataya and \{Yen Kok\}, \{Kenneth Yuh\} and Jordi Gracia-Sancho and Sharara, \{Ala I.\} and Arun Prasad and Oviedo, \{Rodolfo J.\} and Oral Ospanov and Elena Ruiz-{\'U}car and Khalid Alswat and Abbas, \{Syed Imran\} and Abdelbaki, \{Tamer N.\} and Wong, \{Yu Jun\} and Yasser Fouad and Shapiro, \{Michael D.\} and Flora Bacopoulou and Silvia Sookoian and Mohit Kehar and Chan, \{Wah Kheong\} and Sombat Treeprasertsuk and Leon Adams and Serap Turan and Mauricio Zuluaga and Pirola, \{Carlos Jose\} and Omar Thaher and Molina, \{Gabriel Alejandro\} and Jumaev, \{Nozim Adxamovich\} and Al-Busafi, \{Said A.\} and Opio, \{Christopher K.\} and Lim-Loo, \{Michelle Ching\} and \{Adithya Lesmana\}, \{Cosmas Rinaldi\} and Lubna Kamani and Zheng, \{Ming Hua\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism",

year = "2024",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1016/j.clnu.2024.11.016",

language = "English",

volume = "43",

pages = "391--404",

journal = "Clinical Nutrition",

issn = "0261-5614",

publisher = "Churchill Livingstone",

number = "12",

}

Zhou, XD, Chen, QF, Targher, G, Byrne, CD, Mantzoros, CS, Zhang, H, Lonardo, A, Lip, GYH, Porta, G, Misra, A, Robertson, AG, Luo, F, Alisi, A, Yang, W, El-Shabrawi, M, Al Momani, H, Somers, VK, Katsouras, CS, Méndez-Sánchez, N, Lefere, S, Szepietowski, O, Sung, KC, Hui Ng, NB, Valenti, L, Lee, WS, Pik-Shan Kong, A, Kızılkaya, MC, Ocama, P, Ali, A, Viveiros, O, Ryan, JD, Toro-Huamanchumo, CJ, Perera, N, Ataya, K, Yen Kok, KY, Gracia-Sancho, J, Sharara, AI, Prasad, A, Oviedo, RJ, Ospanov, O, Ruiz-Úcar, E, Alswat, K, Abbas, SI, Abdelbaki, TN, Wong, YJ, Fouad, Y, Shapiro, MD, Bacopoulou, F, Sookoian, S, Kehar, M, Chan, WK, Treeprasertsuk, S, Adams, L, Turan, S, Zuluaga, M, Pirola, CJ, Thaher, O, Molina, GA, Jumaev, NA, Al-Busafi, SA, Opio, CK, Lim-Loo, MC, Adithya Lesmana, CR, Kamani, L & Zheng, MH 2024, 'Global burden of disease attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults aged 15–39, 1990–2021', Clinical Nutrition, vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 391-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2024.11.016

TY - JOUR

T1 - Global burden of disease attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults aged 15–39, 1990–2021

AU - Zhou, Xiao Dong

AU - Chen, Qin Fen

AU - Targher, Giovanni

AU - Byrne, Christopher D.

AU - Mantzoros, Christos S.

AU - Zhang, Huijie

AU - Lonardo, Amedeo

AU - Lip, Gregory Y.H.

AU - Porta, Gilda

AU - Misra, Anoop

AU - Robertson, Andrew Gerard

AU - Luo, Fei

AU - Alisi, Anna

AU - Yang, Wah

AU - El-Shabrawi, Mortada

AU - Al Momani, Hazem

AU - Somers, Virend K.

AU - Katsouras, Christos S.

AU - Méndez-Sánchez, Nahum

AU - Lefere, Sander

AU - Szepietowski, Olivia

AU - Sung, Ki Chul

AU - Hui Ng, Nicholas Beng

AU - Valenti, Luca

AU - Lee, Way Seah

AU - Pik-Shan Kong, Alice

AU - Kızılkaya, Mehmet Celal

AU - Ocama, Ponsiano

AU - Ali, Arshad

AU - Viveiros, Octavio

AU - Ryan, John D.

AU - Toro-Huamanchumo, Carlos Jesus

AU - Perera, Nilanka

AU - Ataya, Karim

AU - Yen Kok, Kenneth Yuh

AU - Gracia-Sancho, Jordi

AU - Sharara, Ala I.

AU - Prasad, Arun

AU - Oviedo, Rodolfo J.

AU - Ospanov, Oral

AU - Ruiz-Úcar, Elena

AU - Alswat, Khalid

AU - Abbas, Syed Imran

AU - Abdelbaki, Tamer N.

AU - Wong, Yu Jun

AU - Fouad, Yasser

AU - Shapiro, Michael D.

AU - Bacopoulou, Flora

AU - Sookoian, Silvia

AU - Kehar, Mohit

AU - Chan, Wah Kheong

AU - Treeprasertsuk, Sombat

AU - Adams, Leon

AU - Turan, Serap

AU - Zuluaga, Mauricio

AU - Pirola, Carlos Jose

AU - Thaher, Omar

AU - Molina, Gabriel Alejandro

AU - Jumaev, Nozim Adxamovich

AU - Al-Busafi, Said A.

AU - Opio, Christopher K.

AU - Lim-Loo, Michelle Ching

AU - Adithya Lesmana, Cosmas Rinaldi

AU - Kamani, Lubna

AU - Zheng, Ming Hua

PY - 2024/12

Y1 - 2024/12

N2 - Background: Metabolic risk factors are a significant cause of global burden among adolescents and young adults, but there is a lack of attention to the burden attributable to these metabolic risk factors globally. Aims: This study aims to provide comprehensive estimates of five important metabolic risk factors and the attributable disease burden in people aged 15–39 years from 1990 to 2021, based on the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database. Methods: Global total deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used to describe the burden attributable to five common metabolic risk factors, including high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high body mass index (BMI), and kidney dysfunction, in adolescents and young adults. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) of DALYs were utilized to depict the trends from 1990 to 2021. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the DALY rates attributable to all metabolic risk factors showed a globally significant upward trend, with EAPC reaching 33.0 % (27.4–38.7). Compared to females, males had a heavier burden and a more significant increase in deaths and DALYs attributable to metabolic risk factors. High BMI and high FPG have become the top two metabolic risk factors in 2021, with summary exposure variables (SEV) rising by 84.2 % and 53.6 %, respectively. Low-middle socio-demographic index (SDI), middle SDI, and high SDI regions experienced upward regional trends in DALY rates, while low SDI regions remained stable. Among 204 countries and territories, 101 (49.5 %) showed a significant increase in DALY rates, as indicated by the EAPC. Conclusions: There is a substantial global burden attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults in 2021, especially high BMI and high FPG. This calls for further investigation and intervention to address this emerging trend.

AB - Background: Metabolic risk factors are a significant cause of global burden among adolescents and young adults, but there is a lack of attention to the burden attributable to these metabolic risk factors globally. Aims: This study aims to provide comprehensive estimates of five important metabolic risk factors and the attributable disease burden in people aged 15–39 years from 1990 to 2021, based on the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database. Methods: Global total deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used to describe the burden attributable to five common metabolic risk factors, including high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high body mass index (BMI), and kidney dysfunction, in adolescents and young adults. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) of DALYs were utilized to depict the trends from 1990 to 2021. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the DALY rates attributable to all metabolic risk factors showed a globally significant upward trend, with EAPC reaching 33.0 % (27.4–38.7). Compared to females, males had a heavier burden and a more significant increase in deaths and DALYs attributable to metabolic risk factors. High BMI and high FPG have become the top two metabolic risk factors in 2021, with summary exposure variables (SEV) rising by 84.2 % and 53.6 %, respectively. Low-middle socio-demographic index (SDI), middle SDI, and high SDI regions experienced upward regional trends in DALY rates, while low SDI regions remained stable. Among 204 countries and territories, 101 (49.5 %) showed a significant increase in DALY rates, as indicated by the EAPC. Conclusions: There is a substantial global burden attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults in 2021, especially high BMI and high FPG. This calls for further investigation and intervention to address this emerging trend.

KW - Adolescents and young adults

KW - Global disease burden

KW - Metabolic risk factors

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85209754968

U2 - 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.11.016

DO - 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.11.016

M3 - Article

C2 - 39579593

AN - SCOPUS:85209754968

SN - 0261-5614

VL - 43

SP - 391

EP - 404

JO - Clinical Nutrition

JF - Clinical Nutrition

IS - 12

ER -

Global burden of disease attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults aged 15–39, 1990–2021

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