Evaluation of drug provocation tests in Korean children: A single center experience

Background: Drug provocation tests (DPTs) are difficult to perform in clinical practice, even though they are the gold standard for the diagnosis of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate the common causative drugs of type B ADRs and to analyze the relationships between host factors and the results of DPTs in Korean children. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all children younger than 19 years of age who underwent a DPT between November 1994 and November 2014. Open provocation tests were performed with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, aminopenicillins, cephalosporins, non-β-lactam antibiotics, antiepileptic drugs, or other drugs. Results: Overall, 84 DPTs were performed in 56 patients whose median age was 7.5 years (range, 6 months to 18 years). DPTs were positive in 25 (29.8%) of 84 cases, which translated to 18 (32.1%) positive findings in 56 patients. Drugs that provided positive results included NSAIDs (7 cases, 28.0%), aminopenicillins (5 cases, 20.0%), acetaminophen (4 cases, 16.0%), cephalosporins (3 cases, 12.0%), and non-β-lactams (2 cases, 8.0%). Anaphylaxis was noted in 5 (20.0%) of 25 cases. There were no serious complications of DPTs in any of the subjects. The median age was 10.5 years for children who had a positive result following the DPT and 5.0 years for those with negative results (P value = 0.019). Conclusions: DPTs can be performed safely in children with suspected ADRs in order to achieve a correct diagnosis.