Evaluation of biomarker potential of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) gene in the marine medaka, Oryzias melastigma exposed to water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of Iranian crude oil

CYP1A is involved in the metabolism of diverse chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and alkylated-PAHs, as a first line of detoxification mechanism. First, we identified and characterized the CYP1A gene from the marine medaka, Oryzias melastigma. O. melastigma CYP1A (Om-CYP1A) showed a high similarity of motifs/domains compared to those of vertebrates in their amino acid sequences. To check whether the Om-CYP1A would be inducible, we tested two strong CYP1A inducers, β-naphthoflavone (β-NF) and benzo[α]pyrene (B[α]P), and observed concentration-dependent transient expression on transcripts of Om-CYP1A for 96 h over a wide range of concentrations. Om-CYP1A mRNA level was significantly increased in exposure to different concentrations of β-NF and B[α]P, and its expression was highly transcribed within 12 h upon the exposure to low concentrations of both chemicals. Inducible transcript profiles revealed that Om-CYP1A would be associated with the toxicant metabolism via AhREs/DREs/XREs in its promoter region. To uncover the effects of the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of crude oil on transcripts of Om-CYP1A, we measured mRNA expression of Om-CYP1A towards different concentrations of WAF for 24 h. As a result, WAF exposure significantly increased Om-CYP1A transcripts at all concentrations as well as during time-course experiments for 96 h. In this paper, we demonstrated that WAF would trigger up-regulation of the CYP1A gene that would be associated with the initiation of the cellular defense systems. This finding provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of cellular protection particularly that involved in the WAF-mediated cellular response in O. melastigma.