Electrical industry

Electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) are used for the joining of electrical and electronic components in the electrical industry. ECAs are composites consisting of a polymeric matrix and electrically conductive fillers. The mechanical properties are provided by the polymeric matrix, while the electrical conductivity is supplied by the conductive fillers. Typically, there are three types of conductive adhesives, viz., isotropic, anisotropic, and non-conductive adhesives. These adhesives are classified according to their conductivity, which is controlled by the conductive filler content in the polymer matrix. For their application in the electrical industry, there are two main specific requirements for these adhesives, i.e., electrical conductivity and thermomechanical properties. In this chapter, the mechanism underlying the electrical conduction in adhesive joints is derived, while the thermal and mechanical parameters that should be measured are introduced. Some recent advances related to the improvement of ECAs are also addressed. In terms of the evaluation of the reliability of adhesives in electronics, the basic test procedures, including several specific test methods and analysis techniques, are explained. Recommendations are also given to select a suitable test method.