TY - JOUR
T1 - Dynamics of ChatGPT literacy
T2 - impact of trust, usefulness, self-efficacy, and user satisfaction
AU - Yun, Suhee
AU - Park, Gain
AU - Lee, Seyoung
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.
PY - 2025/8
Y1 - 2025/8
N2 - ChatGPT has become a basic tool in education, work, and everyday life. Promoting ChatGPT literacy and exploring related psychological variables from user perspectives are as important as developing technology, focusing on the supply side. Therefore, this study proposed a model and explored the links between ChatGPT literacy, perceived trust, perceived usefulness, self-efficacy, and user satisfaction by surveying 423 adults recruited from an online crowdsourcing website. Structural equation modeling in the analysis of moment structures (AMOS) was employed to assess the proposed research model and test the direct effects. The indirect effects were analyzed using a user-defined estimand function in AMOS. The results did not support the effect of ChatGPT literacy on self-efficacy. However, we observed that ChatGPT literacy positively affected perceived trust, and trust significantly increased self-efficacy. We also observed a significant mediating effect of perceived trust. Moreover, ChatGPT literacy positively affected perceived usefulness, and then perceived usefulness significantly increased self-efficacy. The mediating role of perceived usefulness was also validated. The results revealed a positive self-efficacy effect on user satisfaction. The findings of this study provide theoretical and practical implications for literacy and technology acceptance theorists as well as developers and educators.
AB - ChatGPT has become a basic tool in education, work, and everyday life. Promoting ChatGPT literacy and exploring related psychological variables from user perspectives are as important as developing technology, focusing on the supply side. Therefore, this study proposed a model and explored the links between ChatGPT literacy, perceived trust, perceived usefulness, self-efficacy, and user satisfaction by surveying 423 adults recruited from an online crowdsourcing website. Structural equation modeling in the analysis of moment structures (AMOS) was employed to assess the proposed research model and test the direct effects. The indirect effects were analyzed using a user-defined estimand function in AMOS. The results did not support the effect of ChatGPT literacy on self-efficacy. However, we observed that ChatGPT literacy positively affected perceived trust, and trust significantly increased self-efficacy. We also observed a significant mediating effect of perceived trust. Moreover, ChatGPT literacy positively affected perceived usefulness, and then perceived usefulness significantly increased self-efficacy. The mediating role of perceived usefulness was also validated. The results revealed a positive self-efficacy effect on user satisfaction. The findings of this study provide theoretical and practical implications for literacy and technology acceptance theorists as well as developers and educators.
KW - ChatGPT
KW - Literacy
KW - Perceived trust
KW - Self-efficacy
KW - Usefulness
KW - User satisfaction
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105009605410
U2 - 10.1007/s12144-025-08085-3
DO - 10.1007/s12144-025-08085-3
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105009605410
SN - 1046-1310
VL - 44
SP - 13746
EP - 13755
JO - Current Psychology
JF - Current Psychology
IS - 15
ER -