Disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer among patients with disabilities

BACKGROUND Little is known about disparities in diagnosis and treatment among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with and without disabilities. AIM To investigate the patterns of diagnosis, treatment, and survival for people with and without disabilities who had CRC. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, disability registration data, and Korean Central Cancer Registry data. The analysis included 21449 patients with disabilities who were diagnosed with CRC and 86492 control patients diagnosed with CRC. RESULTS The overall distribution of CRC stage was not affected by disability status. Subjects with disabilities were less likely than those without disabilities to undergo surgery [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.85; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.82–0.88], chemotherapy (aOR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.81–0.87), or radiotherapy (aOR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.84–0.95). The rate of no treatment was higher in patients with disabilities than in those without disabilities (aOR: 1.48; 95%CI: 1.41–1.55). The overall mortality rate was higher in patients with disabilities [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.24; 95%CI: 1.22–1.28], particularly severe disabilities (aHR: 1.57; 95%CI: 1.51–1.63), than in those without disabilities. CONCLUSION Patients with severe disabilities tended to have a late or unknown diagnosis. Patients with CRC and disabilities had lower rates of treatment with almost all modalities compared with those without disabilities. During the follow-up period, the mortality rate was higher in patients with disabilities than in those without disabilities. The diagnosis and treatment of CRC need improvement in patients with disabilities.