Constructing effective ion channels in anion exchange membranes via exfoliated nanosheets towards improved conductivity for alkaline fuel cells

A series of quaternized polysulfone (QPS)-based composite membranes containing various amounts of functionalized graphitic carbon nitride (f-g-C₃N₄) nanosheets were synthesized. The synergistic effects of the incorporated nanosheets were investigated on a variety of membrane properties for alkaline fuel cell application, such as hydroxyl ion conductivity, swelling ratio, water uptake, chemical stability, and cell performance. The well-interacting architecture of the f-g-C₃N₄ nanosheets containing multiple hydrophilic sites was the main reason for the enhanced hydroxide ion conductivity of the membrane. The QPS-CN-5 membrane showed a high hydroxide ion conductivity of 16-37 mS cm⁻¹ in a temperature range from room temperature to 80 °C because of the highly interlocked ionic domains of the porous tris-triazine units in the f-g-C₃N₄ nanosheets.