Conformal Passivation of Self-Cleanable, Flexible, and Transparent Polytetrafluoroethylene Thin Films on Two-Dimensional MXene and Three-Dimensional Ag Nanowire Composite Electrodes

Despite the excellent performance of MXene-Ag nanowire (MA) composite transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs), they rapidly and severely degrade in ambient and humid environments. To address this critical issue, we developed conformal polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) passivation thin films prepared using magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Compared to the PTFE passivated electrode, the nonpassivated bare MA-composite electrode exhibited a considerably increased sheet resistance, and the electrode flexibility and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency (SE) degraded rapidly over time because the moisture and impurities severely oxidized the MXene layer in the harsh testing environment. However, the MA-composite electrode with PTFE passivation shows constant sheet resistance, transmittance, flexibility, and EMI SE, even after the 85 °C-85% relative humidity (RH) test. Compared to the nonpassivated MA-electrode-based thin film heaters (TFHs), the PTFE-passivated MA-composite electrode-based TFHs exhibited improved stability and reliability, indicating that the sputtered PTFE film effectively prevented the moisture and impurity penetration of the MA-composite electrodes.