Computing Challenges of UAV Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

Devices and networks constantly upgrade, leading to rapid technological evolution. Three-dimensional (3D) point cloud transmission plays a crucial role in aerial computing terminology, facilitating information exchange. Various network types, including sensor networks and 5G mobile networks, support this transmission. Notably, Flying Ad hoc Networks (FANETs) utilize Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as nodes, operating in a 3D environment with Six Degrees of Freedom (6DoF). This study comprehensively surveys UAV networks, focusing on models for Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) 3D point cloud compression/transmission. Key topics covered include autonomous navigation, challenges in video streaming infrastructure, motivations for Quality of Experience (QoE) enhancement, and avenues for future research. Additionally, the paper conducts an extensive review of UAVs, encompassing current wireless technologies, applications across various sectors, routing protocols, design considerations, security measures, blockchain applications in UAVs, contributions to healthcare systems, and integration with the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL). Furthermore, the paper thoroughly discusses the core contributions of LiDAR 3D point clouds in UAV systems and their future prediction along with mobility models. It also explores the prospects of UAV systems and presents state-of-the-art solutions.