Clinical outcome of rumination syndrome in adults without psychiatric illness: A prospective study

Background and Aim: This prospective study was conducted to characterize the clinical features of adult rumination syndrome, in the absence of psychiatric illness, by applying newly modified clinical criteria, and to elucidate factors influencing outcomes after treatment. Methods: Twenty-one adult patients diagnosed with rumination syndrome at a tertiary referral center over a 2-year period were enrolled in the study. All patients received supportive psychotherapy and medical treatment. Changes in symptom parameters were analyzed using a pretreatment and a post-treatment questionnaire. Patients were classified into three groups according to symptomatic outcome: improved group, sustained group and aggravated group. Results: The duration of treatment was longer in the improved group than in the sustained or aggravated groups (P = 0.018). Esophageal manometry testing demonstrated non-transmitted contractions of the esophageal body in 10 patients (47.6%) and low amplitude contractions in eight patients (38.1%). Mean lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure was 9.8 ± 2.6 mmHg. Baseline LES pressure in the improved group was higher than in the other groups (P = 0.001). Ambulatory 24-h esophageal pH monitoring showed pathological acid reflux in six patients (28.6%). All pathological acid reflux occurred in post-rumination periods. Scintigraphic testing of gastric emptying revealed that the mean retention rate at 120 min was 34.2 ± 2.5% of initial contents, and delayed emptying was noted in three patients (14.3%). Conclusions: Rumination syndrome is often accompanied by heterogeneous conditions such as postprandial gastroesophageal reflux, various abnormalities in esophageal manometric tests and delayed gastric emptying. Medical treatment and supportive psychotherapy can be effective in otherwise normal adult patients, especially in patients who comply with long durations of treatment and who demonstrate higher baseline LES pressures.