Circuits for a cubic-millimeter energy-autonomous wireless intraocular pressure monitor

Mohammad Hassan Ghaed; Gregory Chen; Razi Ul Haque; Michael Wieckowski; Yejoong Kim; Gyouho Kim; Yoonmyung Lee; Inhee Lee; David Fick; Daeyeon Kim; Mingoo Seok; Kensall D. Wise; David Blaauw; Dennis Sylvester

doi:10.1109/TCSI.2013.2265973

Circuits for a cubic-millimeter energy-autonomous wireless intraocular pressure monitor

Mohammad Hassan Ghaed, Gregory Chen, Razi Ul Haque, Michael Wieckowski, Yejoong Kim, Gyouho Kim, Yoonmyung Lee, Inhee Lee, David Fick, Daeyeon Kim, Mingoo Seok, Kensall D. Wise, David Blaauw, Dennis Sylvester

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

95 Scopus citations

Abstract

Circuit blocks for a 1.5 {\rm mm}³ microsystem enable continuous monitoring of intraocular pressure. Due to power and form-factor limitations, circuit blocks are designed at nanowatt power levels not completely explored before. The system includes a 75% efficient 90 nW DC-DC converter which is the most efficient reported sub-$\mu {\rm W} converter in literature. It also includes a novel 4.7 nJ/bit FSK radio that achieves 10 cm of transmission range at 10 ^{-6}~{\rm BER} which is also the lowest number reported for short-range through-tissue wireless links for biomedical implants. A MEMS capacitive sensor and \Sigma \Delta capacitance-to-digital converter measure IOP with 0.5 mmHg accuracy. A microcontroller processes and saves IOP data and stores it in a 2.4 fW/bitcell SRAM. The microsystem harvests a maximum power of 80 nW in sunlight with a light irradiance of 100 {\rm mW}/{\rm cm}² AM 1.5 from an integrated 0.07 {\rm mm}² solar cell to recharge a 1 {\rm mm} ² 1 \mu {\rm Ah} thin-film battery and power the load circuits. The design achieves zero-net-energy operation with 1.5 hours of sunlight or 10 hours of bright indoor lighting daily.

Original language	English
Article number	6585815
Pages (from-to)	3152-3162
Number of pages	11
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers
Volume	60
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2013.2265973
State	Published - Dec 2013
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Biomedical monitoring
CMOS memory integrated circuits
digital signal processors
photovoltaic power systems
radio transceivers
sensor systems

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1109/TCSI.2013.2265973

Cite this

Ghaed, M. H., Chen, G., Haque, R. U., Wieckowski, M., Kim, Y., Kim, G., Lee, Y., Lee, I., Fick, D., Kim, D., Seok, M., Wise, K. D., Blaauw, D., & Sylvester, D. (2013). Circuits for a cubic-millimeter energy-autonomous wireless intraocular pressure monitor. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 60(12), 3152-3162. Article 6585815. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2013.2265973

@article{656e28c6b42c40b080d0f8cca9d5adbc,

title = "Circuits for a cubic-millimeter energy-autonomous wireless intraocular pressure monitor",

abstract = "Circuit blocks for a 1.5 \{\textbackslash{}rm mm\}3 microsystem enable continuous monitoring of intraocular pressure. Due to power and form-factor limitations, circuit blocks are designed at nanowatt power levels not completely explored before. The system includes a 75\% efficient 90 nW DC-DC converter which is the most efficient reported sub-\$\textbackslash{}mu \{\textbackslash{}rm W\} converter in literature. It also includes a novel 4.7 nJ/bit FSK radio that achieves 10 cm of transmission range at 10 \textasciicircum{}\{-6\}\textasciitilde{}\{\textbackslash{}rm BER\} which is also the lowest number reported for short-range through-tissue wireless links for biomedical implants. A MEMS capacitive sensor and \textbackslash{}Sigma \textbackslash{}Delta capacitance-to-digital converter measure IOP with 0.5 mmHg accuracy. A microcontroller processes and saves IOP data and stores it in a 2.4 fW/bitcell SRAM. The microsystem harvests a maximum power of 80 nW in sunlight with a light irradiance of 100 \{\textbackslash{}rm mW\}/\{\textbackslash{}rm cm\}2 AM 1.5 from an integrated 0.07 \{\textbackslash{}rm mm\}2 solar cell to recharge a 1 \{\textbackslash{}rm mm\} 2 1 \textbackslash{}mu \{\textbackslash{}rm Ah\} thin-film battery and power the load circuits. The design achieves zero-net-energy operation with 1.5 hours of sunlight or 10 hours of bright indoor lighting daily.",

keywords = "Biomedical monitoring, CMOS memory integrated circuits, digital signal processors, photovoltaic power systems, radio transceivers, sensor systems",

author = "Ghaed, \{Mohammad Hassan\} and Gregory Chen and Haque, \{Razi Ul\} and Michael Wieckowski and Yejoong Kim and Gyouho Kim and Yoonmyung Lee and Inhee Lee and David Fick and Daeyeon Kim and Mingoo Seok and Wise, \{Kensall D.\} and David Blaauw and Dennis Sylvester",

year = "2013",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1109/TCSI.2013.2265973",

language = "English",

volume = "60",

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Ghaed, MH, Chen, G, Haque, RU, Wieckowski, M, Kim, Y, Kim, G, Lee, Y, Lee, I, Fick, D, Kim, D, Seok, M, Wise, KD, Blaauw, D & Sylvester, D 2013, 'Circuits for a cubic-millimeter energy-autonomous wireless intraocular pressure monitor', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 60, no. 12, 6585815, pp. 3152-3162. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2013.2265973

TY - JOUR

T1 - Circuits for a cubic-millimeter energy-autonomous wireless intraocular pressure monitor

AU - Ghaed, Mohammad Hassan

AU - Chen, Gregory

AU - Haque, Razi Ul

AU - Wieckowski, Michael

AU - Kim, Yejoong

AU - Kim, Gyouho

AU - Lee, Yoonmyung

AU - Lee, Inhee

AU - Fick, David

AU - Kim, Daeyeon

AU - Seok, Mingoo

AU - Wise, Kensall D.

AU - Blaauw, David

AU - Sylvester, Dennis

PY - 2013/12

Y1 - 2013/12

N2 - Circuit blocks for a 1.5 {\rm mm}3 microsystem enable continuous monitoring of intraocular pressure. Due to power and form-factor limitations, circuit blocks are designed at nanowatt power levels not completely explored before. The system includes a 75% efficient 90 nW DC-DC converter which is the most efficient reported sub-$\mu {\rm W} converter in literature. It also includes a novel 4.7 nJ/bit FSK radio that achieves 10 cm of transmission range at 10 ^{-6}~{\rm BER} which is also the lowest number reported for short-range through-tissue wireless links for biomedical implants. A MEMS capacitive sensor and \Sigma \Delta capacitance-to-digital converter measure IOP with 0.5 mmHg accuracy. A microcontroller processes and saves IOP data and stores it in a 2.4 fW/bitcell SRAM. The microsystem harvests a maximum power of 80 nW in sunlight with a light irradiance of 100 {\rm mW}/{\rm cm}2 AM 1.5 from an integrated 0.07 {\rm mm}2 solar cell to recharge a 1 {\rm mm} 2 1 \mu {\rm Ah} thin-film battery and power the load circuits. The design achieves zero-net-energy operation with 1.5 hours of sunlight or 10 hours of bright indoor lighting daily.

AB - Circuit blocks for a 1.5 {\rm mm}3 microsystem enable continuous monitoring of intraocular pressure. Due to power and form-factor limitations, circuit blocks are designed at nanowatt power levels not completely explored before. The system includes a 75% efficient 90 nW DC-DC converter which is the most efficient reported sub-$\mu {\rm W} converter in literature. It also includes a novel 4.7 nJ/bit FSK radio that achieves 10 cm of transmission range at 10 ^{-6}~{\rm BER} which is also the lowest number reported for short-range through-tissue wireless links for biomedical implants. A MEMS capacitive sensor and \Sigma \Delta capacitance-to-digital converter measure IOP with 0.5 mmHg accuracy. A microcontroller processes and saves IOP data and stores it in a 2.4 fW/bitcell SRAM. The microsystem harvests a maximum power of 80 nW in sunlight with a light irradiance of 100 {\rm mW}/{\rm cm}2 AM 1.5 from an integrated 0.07 {\rm mm}2 solar cell to recharge a 1 {\rm mm} 2 1 \mu {\rm Ah} thin-film battery and power the load circuits. The design achieves zero-net-energy operation with 1.5 hours of sunlight or 10 hours of bright indoor lighting daily.

KW - Biomedical monitoring

KW - CMOS memory integrated circuits

KW - digital signal processors

KW - photovoltaic power systems

KW - radio transceivers

KW - sensor systems

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84890113359

U2 - 10.1109/TCSI.2013.2265973

DO - 10.1109/TCSI.2013.2265973

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84890113359

SN - 1549-8328

VL - 60

SP - 3152

EP - 3162

JO - IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers

JF - IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers

IS - 12

M1 - 6585815

ER -

Circuits for a cubic-millimeter energy-autonomous wireless intraocular pressure monitor

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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