Central venous catheterization–induced right brachiocephalic vein pseudoaneurysm: Successfully treated with stent-assisted coiling

Introduction: Central venous catheterization–induced central vein pseudoaneurysm is rare. Several treatment options have been recommended. We describe a case of central venous catheterization–induced right brachiocephalic vein pseudoaneurysm successfully treated with an uncovered self-expandable stent-assisted coil embolization and discuss the imaging findings, treatment strategy, and review of literature associated with thoracic venous pseudoaneurysm. Case report: A 77-year-old woman was referred to our trauma center to undergo treatment for central venous catheterization-induced central vein pseudoaneurysm. The initial contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography revealed a 3.4-cm pseudoaneurysm arising from the right brachiocephalic vein and a surrounding mediastinal hematoma. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully embolized with stent-assisted coiling. Computed tomography angiography was performed 10 days after the procedure and demonstrated a completely embolized pseudoaneurysm and resolved mediastinal hematoma. Blood flow from the right subclavian and left innominate veins was not disturbed by the stent-assisted coils. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report of treatment of a right brachiocephalic vein pseudoaneurysm with stent-assisted coil embolization. We think that uncovered stent-assisted coil embolization is the safest and most fundamental treatment for wide-neck venous pseudoaneurysm especially in a hemodynamically unstable setting.