Bridging R2R Printed Wireless 1 Bit-Code Generator with an Electrophoretic QR Code Acting as WORM for NFC Carrier Enabled Authentication Label

Printed electronics are challenged for showing the working concept of the roll-to-roll (R2R) printed 13.56 MHz passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tag for the application in wireless identification (ID) and authentication to prevent counterfeits with the cost of a penny. However, the concept of the penny RFID tag is not successful yet because of the major limit in integrating a number logic gates by a high throughput R2R printing method. Herein, a new way of printed electronics is developed by integrating an electrophoretic quick response (QR) code as write once read many type of memory circuitry to integrate with a R2R printed wireless 1-bit code generator. Through the electrophoretic QR code integration with the wireless 1-bit code generator, only six logic gates (12 thin film transistors) are enough to wirelessly provide 2953 bytes of authentic information by utilizing two functions of smartphone, near field communication, and camera.