TY - JOUR
T1 - Bio‐inspired and smart nanoparticles for triple negative breast cancer microenvironment
AU - Shokooh, Mahsa Keihan
AU - Emami, Fakhrossadat
AU - Jeong, Jee Heon
AU - Yook, Simmyung
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) with poor prognosis and aggressive nature accounts for 10–20% of all invasive breast cancer (BC) cases and is detected in as much as 15% of individuals diagnosed with BC. Currently, due to the absence of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) receptor, there is no hormone‐based therapy for TNBC. In addition, there are still no FDA‐approved targeted therapies for patients with TNBC. TNBC treatment is challenging owing to poor prognosis, tumor heterogeneity, chemotherapeutic side effects, the chance of metastasis, and multiple drug‐resistance. Therefore, various bio‐inspired tumor‐homing nano systems responding to intra‐ and extra‐ cellular stimuli are an urgent need to treat TNBC patients who do not respond to current chemotherapy. In this review, intensive efforts have been made for exploring cell‐membrane coated nanoparticles and immune cell‐targeted nanoparticles (immunotherapy) to modulate the tumor microenvironment and deliver accurate amounts of therapeutic agents to TNBC without stimulating the immune system.
AB - Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) with poor prognosis and aggressive nature accounts for 10–20% of all invasive breast cancer (BC) cases and is detected in as much as 15% of individuals diagnosed with BC. Currently, due to the absence of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) receptor, there is no hormone‐based therapy for TNBC. In addition, there are still no FDA‐approved targeted therapies for patients with TNBC. TNBC treatment is challenging owing to poor prognosis, tumor heterogeneity, chemotherapeutic side effects, the chance of metastasis, and multiple drug‐resistance. Therefore, various bio‐inspired tumor‐homing nano systems responding to intra‐ and extra‐ cellular stimuli are an urgent need to treat TNBC patients who do not respond to current chemotherapy. In this review, intensive efforts have been made for exploring cell‐membrane coated nanoparticles and immune cell‐targeted nanoparticles (immunotherapy) to modulate the tumor microenvironment and deliver accurate amounts of therapeutic agents to TNBC without stimulating the immune system.
KW - Cell membrane coated nanoparticles
KW - Immune cell targeted nanoparticles
KW - Smart nanoparticles
KW - Targeted therapy
KW - Triple negative breast cancer
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85102367324
U2 - 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020287
DO - 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020287
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85102367324
SN - 1999-4923
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 24
JO - Pharmaceutics
JF - Pharmaceutics
IS - 2
M1 - 287
ER -
