Behavior of braced and anchored walls in soils overlying rock

This paper presents the results of analyses on the behavior of in situ walls, using the measured data collected from various deep excavation sites with multilayered ground conditions of soils overlying rock in Korea. A variety of in situ wall systems from >60 excavation sites were considered, covering a wide range of wall types, including H-pile, soil cement, cast-in-place pile, and diaphragm. The measured data were thoroughly analyzed to investigate the effects of wall and support types on lateral wall movements as well as apparent earth pressures. A series of 2D finite-element analyses were also performed to provide insights regarding the in situ wall behavior. Based on the results, lateral wall movements and apparent earth pressures are related to primary influencing factors affecting the wall behavior and information is presented in forms to provide tools that can be used for design and analysis.