Auto-Tuning Controller Using MLPSO with K-Means Clustering and Adaptive Learning Strategy for PMSM Drives

This paper proposes a new online auto-tuning method to improve the accuracy and reduce the tuning time of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. Under varying loads, the ability to tune the controllers of PMSM drives using optimal tuning time is crucial. However, direct tuning of controller parameters using estimated parameters or conventional particle swarm optimization (PSO) methods do not satisfy the performance criteria. To solve this problem, the new method combining mechanical parameter estimation (MPE) and multi-layer particle swarm optimization (MLPSO) with K-means clustering (KMC) and an adaptive learning strategy (ALS) is proposed. First, the combination of an MPE method with a lookup table (LUT) for initial parameter selection is introduced to reduce the iteration time. Then, the MLPSO-KMCALS method is proposed as an improvement over the conventional PSO method by increasing the number of layers, grouping the swarm into several subswarms, and using the ALS for each particle to increase the population diversity and optimize the controller parameters within the shortest possible amount of time. Finally, a disturbance load torque observer is applied to compensate for the effect of external disturbances after tuning. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through experiments conducted under practical conditions.