Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Robustness of Optoelectronics for Automated Driving: A Review

Optoelectronic sensing systems are used in automated vehicles for in-cabin features such as driver attention and distraction monitoring. As automated driving technology continues to advance, vehicles are becoming increasingly capable of navigating driving environments with the assistance of optoelectronic sensing systems. Nevertheless, variable operating conditions, such as weather and driver behavior, can compromise driving safety by reducing the robustness of some systems. To improve the safety of automated vehicles, as well as the trust between humans and vehicle automation, this review discusses existing literature on the design and application of optoelectronic sensing in modern automobiles. Recent advancements in optoelectronics have been partly attributed to human ingenuity and the recent application of artificial intelligence to optimize sensor performance parameters. As a major contribution, we consider how artificial intelligence can be used to develop next-generation sensing systems for automated driving applications. Consideration is also given to research avenues with the potential to expand these applications. Based on a discussion of current challenges in optoelectronic sensor development, along with our recommendations to address these challenges, we draw conclusions on the state-of-the-art and the future of optoelectronic sensing.