Arteriovenous Malformation Associated with Intravenous Leiomyomatosis of the Uterus: Characteristic CT Findings and Treatment by Embolization and Surgery

Seven consecutive female patients with pathologically confirmed arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) of the uterus (age range, 32–61 years; mean age, 43 years) treated between 2005 and 2021 from a single institution were reviewed. Computed tomography (CT) findings of congenital pelvic AVM of 10 female patients were compared with those of AVM with IVL. Characteristic CT findings of AVM with IVL revealed a focal soft tissue mass inside a dilated venous structure of the AVM. Multiple sessions of transvenous coil embolization of the AVM with or without the injection of ethanol were performed. After complete (6/7, 86%) or partial (1/7, 14%) embolization of the AVM, complete surgical resection of the IVL and embolized AVM mass was performed in 4 patients. Patients with lung metastasis or residual embolized AVM masses are under follow-up with antiestrogen hormonal therapy.