An optimization-based design and analysis of a biomass derived hydrogen energy system

In this study, we aim to design and analyze a comprehensive biomass-derived hydrogen energy system considering all processes from biomass collection to hydrogen storage or transport, and different biomass types. In addition, we compare the economics of this system with that of other non-renewable/renewable hydrogen energy systems to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed energy system. To achieve this goal, we first develop an optimization model using a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) technique, then apply this model to the future hydrogen economy of Korea. We confirmed that biomass availability for hydrogen production is one of the critical factors in determining the configuration of the proposed energy system, contrary to a typical hydrogen energy system controlled mainly by hydrogen demand. Hydrogen supply cost is $23.1/GJ, and the main cost driver is the annualized capital cost of technology (35 %). While the hydrogen supply cost of the proposed energy system is higher than that of conventional routes ($10.3–14.7/GJ), it is more efficient than other renewable options (wind power: $25.5/GJ, Photovoltaic (PV): $34.0/GJ).