An Optimal Approach to Manage Responsive Residential Appliances in Smart Grid

The number of electric vehicles (EVs) are increasing across the world due to critical situation of environmental pollution and rise in energy demand. According to a study [1], there will be an increase of 5.9 million in aggregated sale of EVs by 2020 and 20 million EVs will be on the road. Despite many advantages of the EVs over conventional vehicles, the interconnection of large number of EVs to the power system threatens its reliability and stability. To counter the adverse effects of EVs on distribution network, this study suggests a methodology for management of flexible/responsive residential appliances (FRAM) including EV charging by adopting water-filling (WF) algorithm. The proposed framework guarantees the curtailment of load demand at distribution transformer during overload condition while considering consumers' comfort. During the overload event, the developed strategy allocates demand depriving limit (DDL) to each home served by the distribution transformer. The allocation of DDL is dynamic and depends on the attributes of the associated consumers such as characteristics of responsive loads, convenience factor, load profile etc. The developed strategy is analyzed by performing a case study consists of five homes connected to a distribution transformer.