An Efficient Multi-Class Traffic Delivery Scheme in 5G Vehicle-to-Everything Communications

5G and Beyond 5G (B5G) networks are regarded as effective solutions for serving numerous emerging applications through 5G Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications, that is, 5G V2X. Vehicles experience several messages such as safety messages like Decentralized Environmental Notification Messages (DENMs) and non-safety messages like entertainment data packets having varied requirements. In this work, we consider the co-existence of DENMs along with background data traffic and explore the impact of DENMs on such low-priority background data traffic. We explore the multicast and broadcast techniques for robust 5G V2X communications. We consider the delivery of DENMs using the multicast of gNodeBs (gNBs) as Single-Cell Point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM) over Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) links as well as the broadcast of the vehicles over Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) links. User-specific data traffic is unicasted over a high-capacity V2I link. Next, we propose a joint V2I resource allocation algorithm for the two traffic classes. We mathematically model average DENM delivery delay, average DENM packet reception ratio, and average throughput of background data traffic. Our mathematical analysis is further validated by extensive simulations. Through these simulations, it is shown that our proposed scheme outperforms the existing schemes in terms of average DENM delivery delay.