Advances in Functionalized Nanomaterial-incorporated Biosensing Platforms for Detecting Cancer Biomarkers during Biopsies

Sensors incorporating nanomaterials are being studied with great interest in the field of diagnostics given their high-sensitivity and accuracy due to the unique advantages of nanomaterials. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in humans, with its early detection significantly reducing the risk of death and improving treatment prognosis. The gold standard for the early diagnosis of cancers is pathological and genetic analysis of tumor biopsy specimens. Unfortunately, standardization of techniques for separating and quantifying biomarkers from tumor biopsies requires more sensitive, accurate, and rapid early detection techniques. The development of biosensing platforms utilizing various functional nanomaterials is expected to realize the isolation and detection of biomarkers, thereby enabling rapid and accurate early cancer diagnosis. Therefore, this review aims to explore cutting-edge nanomaterials that fall within the scope of highly sensitive analytical technology biosensor platforms to introduce the transducer platform of biosensing systems using functionalized nanomaterials for the selective recognition and detection of signal-specific cancer biomarkers. It will pave the way for highly precise cancer detection, providing a unique means to carefully monitor the different types of biopsy sample of patients.