Acute suppurative thyroiditis in a patient with aplastic anemia

Acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) is a rare inflammatory complication in patients with hematological malignancy. Infection spreads to the thyroid from a distant site through the bloodstream or the lymphatics. Defects such as persistent thyroglossal duct and pyriform sinus fistula are associated with the development of AST. Ultrasonography, barium swallow testing, CT, and fine-needle aspiration are used for diagnosis. Treatment includes the administration of parenteral antibiotics, drainage, and excision. We describe a patient with aplastic anemia and bacteremic AST.