A review of the degradation of photovoltaic modules for life expectancy

Photovoltaic (PV) modules are generally considered to be the most reliable components of PV systems. The PV module has a high probability of being able to perform adequately for 30 years under typical operating conditions. In order to evaluate the long‐term performance of a PV module under diversified terrestrial conditions, outdoor‐performance data should be used. However, this requires a wait of 25 years to determine the module reliability, which is highly undesirable. Thus, accelerated‐stress tests performed in the laboratory by mimicking different field conditions are important for understanding the performance of a PV module. In this paper, we discuss PVmodule degradation types and different accelerated‐stress types that are used to evaluate the PVmodule reliability and durability for life expectancy before using them in the real field. Finally, prevention and correction measures are described to minimize economic losses.