A Proposal for Standardization of Early Outcomes Following Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy (RARC): RARC Tetrafecta

Background: Currently, there is no dedicated tool to record the early outcomes of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC), and existing criteria for longer-term outcomes require a minimum of 3 months for assessment. However, early evaluation is essential to prevent future morbidity and mortality, especially in surgeries with a high risk of complications in the short term. We propose a comprehensive approach to report early RARC outcomes and investigate the influence of surgeon experience on these results. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of patients who underwent RARC for bladder cancer between April 2009 and April 2020. The cohort was divided chronologically into three groups: patients 1–60 in group 1, 61–120 in group 2, and 121–192 in group 3. Patients with yields of ≥ 16 lymph nodes (LN), negative soft tissue surgical margins, absence of transfusion, and absence of major complications at 30 days were regarded as attaining the RARC tetrafecta. Results: Of the 192 included patients, 93 (48.4%) achieved RARC tetrafecta, with the proportion increasing with surgical experience from 41.7% in group 1 to 55.6% in group 3. Age [odds ratio (OR) 0.947; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.924–0.970; P = 0.021], LN yield (OR 1.432; 95% CI 1.139–1.867; P = 0.001), and greater surgical experience with RARC (> 120 patients; OR 2.740; 95% CI 1.231–6.100; P = 0.014) were significantly associated with the achievement of RARC tetrafecta. Conclusions: RARC tetrafecta could be a comprehensive method for reporting early outcomes in patients undergoing RARC, with improvements aligned with the surgeon’s experience.