A Blockchain-Based Real-Time Forensic Evidence Collection System for a Secure Metaverse

Metaverses have evolved beyond mere avatar-based games and entertainment into complex environments where social, cultural, and economic activities mirror those in the real world. This development has led to the emergence of not only offline threats but also cybercrimes within virtual spaces, highlighting the need for effective measures to ensure safety in the metaverse. Traditional forensic methods, which focus on collecting and analyzing evidence after an incident, often fall short in real-time environments like the metaverse. Additionally, the diverse nature of data in the metaverse and the associated privacy issues pose further challenges in evidence collection. To address these needs, this paper introduces a specialized Forensic Evidence Collection System, FECS, designed specifically for the metaverse. This system operates through three core stages: evidence caching, evidence recording, and evidence submission. By employing lightweight recording methods, data compression, and selective recording technologies, the system efficiently manages storage and ensures accurate event timelines. Hash values and watermarking technologies are utilized to verify the integrity and authenticity of video evidence, protecting against tampering and unauthorized alterations. This approach aims to significantly enhance the efficiency and reliability of forensic processes within virtual environments. Additionally, evidence management is supported by permissioned blockchain. This blockchain model restricts participation to verified nodes, safeguarding the confidentiality and privacy of sensitive data from a large number of users. Through this controlled and secure environment, the system maintains high standards of data protection while facilitating robust forensic investigation.