TY - JOUR
T1 - 4D printing
T2 - Historical evolution, computational insights and emerging applications
AU - Manshor, Mohd Romainor
AU - Alli, Yakubu Adekunle
AU - Anuar, Hazleen
AU - Ejeromedoghene, Onome
AU - Omotola, Elizabeth Oyinkansola
AU - Suhr, Jonghwan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2023/9
Y1 - 2023/9
N2 - Four-dimensional printing (4DP) has gained tremendous interest in the field of materials and manufacturing due to its shape changing properties. Unlike three-dimensional printing (3DP) fabricated with a stationary objects, 4DP allows a 3D printed objects to transform itself to another configuration in response to external energy inputs such as thermal, magnetic, solvent, light or other environmental factors. Utilizing the aforementioned capabilities of 4DP, scientists from various disciplines have investigated a wide range of 4DP with proofs-of-concept. Despite numerous initiatives, 4DP still requires additional developments to meet the industrial applications. This review exercise is therefore aimed to highlight the historical evolution, computational insights and emerging application of 4DP. The review begins by presenting historical evolution and basic fundamental elements of 4DP. The review also presents computational overview on 4DP. Furthermore, different emerging applications of 4DP are highlighted to enlighten the readers. The current challenges of 4DP and future perspectives are critically discussed. Finally, the findings of this review tends to structure research efforts in the next one decade toward the creation of sophisticated 4DP products that will meet the needs of consumers and industry.
AB - Four-dimensional printing (4DP) has gained tremendous interest in the field of materials and manufacturing due to its shape changing properties. Unlike three-dimensional printing (3DP) fabricated with a stationary objects, 4DP allows a 3D printed objects to transform itself to another configuration in response to external energy inputs such as thermal, magnetic, solvent, light or other environmental factors. Utilizing the aforementioned capabilities of 4DP, scientists from various disciplines have investigated a wide range of 4DP with proofs-of-concept. Despite numerous initiatives, 4DP still requires additional developments to meet the industrial applications. This review exercise is therefore aimed to highlight the historical evolution, computational insights and emerging application of 4DP. The review begins by presenting historical evolution and basic fundamental elements of 4DP. The review also presents computational overview on 4DP. Furthermore, different emerging applications of 4DP are highlighted to enlighten the readers. The current challenges of 4DP and future perspectives are critically discussed. Finally, the findings of this review tends to structure research efforts in the next one decade toward the creation of sophisticated 4DP products that will meet the needs of consumers and industry.
KW - 3DP
KW - 4DP
KW - Computational insights
KW - Shape memory polymers
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85162213042
U2 - 10.1016/j.mseb.2023.116567
DO - 10.1016/j.mseb.2023.116567
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85162213042
SN - 0921-5107
VL - 295
JO - Materials Science and Engineering B
JF - Materials Science and Engineering B
M1 - 116567
ER -
